Blunt chest trauma accounts for the majority of mortalities and morbidities in traumatized patients. Rib fractures are one of the most common chest wall injuries due to blunt chest trauma, which is estimated to occur in 10% of all traumatic injuries. Conventional radiography and ultra-sonography are two commonly methods used for rib fractures diagnosis with different accuracy. In this study, we described different methods used in diagnosis of injuries related to blunt chest trauma and we aimed to review several studies compared the diagnostic value of these methods.

Purpose: To compare Rose-K and conventional RGP contact lenses in terms of visual acuity, visual function and comfort in keratoconus patients.Method: Fifty-four patients with keratoconus were randomly fitted with Rose-K and conventional RGP contact lens (Wohlk contact lens), by one experienced ophthalmologist using a standard (three touch point) approach. General and demographic information, KR values, far and near visual acuity without and with contact lenses, daily contact lens wearing time, daily need for lens removal, patient comfort with contact lens, and visual function score(based on VFQ-25 questionnaire) at initial and follow up visits were measured and compared.Results: Both Rose-K and conventional RGP (Wohlk) lenses improved far and near visual acuity in all patients and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.88).Daily contact lens wearing time and patients comfort with lenses was greater in the Rose-K group (P<0.001). Daily need for lens removal was almost equal in the two groups (mean=1.4 hr, P=0.83). There was significant improvement in visual function in all patients with use of contact lenses, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.45).Conclusion: Both lenses improve visual acuity and function in patients with keratoconus, but Rose-K lenses are a good therapeutic alternative for rehabilitation of keratoconus patients; they offer more comfort in comparison to conventional RGP contact lenses.

Introduction: Morton's neuroma is a painful, degenerative neuropathy that is initially managed with conservative treatments. In refractory cases, surgical excision is typically indicated. Minimally invasive percutaneous procedures provide a viable alternative to surgery. Objective: While both pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) and conventional radiofrequency (CRF) have been individually reported as effective treatments for Morton’s neuroma, we aim to utilize a combination of PRF and CRF for pain management. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 61-year-old male with a five-year history of right foot Morton’s neuroma, presenting with severe pain that was refractory to conservative management, including multiple corticosteroid injections. Radiofrequency was performed as follows: 5 minutes at 42°C, 1 minute at 60°C, and 1 minute at 70°C. Result: The patient experienced significant pain relief, with follow-up Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) of 1 at two weeks, 1 at one month, and 2 at seven months post-treatment. Conclusions: This case suggests that the combined application of PRF and CRF may serve as a promising alternative for managing refractory Morton’s neuroma.

Different techniques for local anesthesia are used in the mandible. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of inferior alveolar dental nerve blocks by comparing the two akinosi and conventional techniques. 80 patients (aged 15-60 years old) were randomly divided into tow groups for extracting the mandibuler posterior teeth by akinosi and conventional techniques. Patients were all injected with 1.8 ml of Lidocaine 2% plus Adrenaline 1/80000.Then the Pain Sensation during injection, positive aspiration, beginning time of anesthesia, duration of anesthesia depth of anesthesia, and the anesthesia of soft tissue related to sensory nerves were evaluated. The results showed that the pain sensation in conventional technique was significantly higher than that of akinosi technique. The number of positive aspirations in conventional technique (12.5%) was higher than that of akinosi (5%) but not significantly different. The long buccal nerve anesthesia in akinosi technique (75%) was significantly higher than that of conventional technique. There was no significant difference between the two techniques for the depth of anesthesia. The success rate was 87.5% in conventional technique and 80% in akinosi technique. The average time of lips anesthesia in conventional technique was 3 minutes compared with 4 minutes in akinosi technique, which was not significantly different from each other. However, the beginning time of aneshtesia in tongue was significantly lower in conventional technique. No significant difference in the duration of anesthesia in lips and tonques between the two techniques was observed.

Lullaby is a kind of motherly song which is used to put infants into sleep, but one type of formal literature in the constitutional period inspired by these lullabies targeted the awareness and awakening of common people. The current research explores Mirza Ali Akbar Saber (1279-1329), Abulghasem Lahuti (1264-1336), and Sayed Ashrafaldin Gilani’s (1352-1287) lullabies. The goal of this study is to introduce these types of lullabies, the reasons of their songs, the analysis of their structures and contents, and the differences of such types of lullabies with the conventional ones. The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical. The data was gathered by library and document analysis. The results indicated that the lullabies were formed under social, political, and psychological circumstances of that period. The secret of success of this type of poem in communicating with its addressees in transacting political issues and making the people aware lies in its simple language, traditional literature, the naturalness of literary methods, and the avoidance of intricacy. Finally, the results illustrated two different discourses by the poets of these poems which are investigated in this study.

Introduction: Long-term clinical evaluation of dental implants and their surrounding structures is of utmost importance to acquire knowledge about reasons for implant success and failure.However, accurate and reproducible results are difficult to obtain. The aim of the present study was to examine bone height around endosseous implants on digital conventional radiographs (DCR) and direct digital subtraction images (DSI) prior to loading.Materials and methods: In this experimental study, bone height around 10 implants in 6 patients was assessed by 2 observers. Standardized digital radiographs were obtained just a week and 3 months postoperatively and subtracted by means of EMAGO software. Then the observers evaluated bone height on DCRs and DSIs. MINITAB software and paired t-test were used for statistical analysis (a=0.05).Results: Comparative evaluation of bone height indicated significantly higher values on DCR than on DSI (p value=0.002). The observers also had statistically significant variability in this assessment (p value=0.00003).Conclusion: DSI demonstrated lower values of linear measurement of bone height around endosseous implants compared with DCR. Interobserver variability should be considered when comparing values from follow-up studies.

Background and aim: One of the dentists' problems is the identification of proximal caries. B.W. radiograph is the most traditional method that is used in proximal caries detection. Another method can be used caries identification (especially in proximal caries) is the using of digital system that carry out by traditional scanner& digital camera. Its aim in vitro study was the comparison between the diagnostic power of conventional and digitized radiographs in detecting proximal caries.Methods and Materials: 40 extracted molars were selected. Cavities were prepared by 1/2 round bur D& Z under contact point. Then cavities were become deeper and larger by 1, 2, 3 & 4 round burs on 40 proximal surfaces of dentals. B.W. radiographs were taken and digitized by a digital camera"DSC-W200Sony cyber- Shot with 6, 9, 12 Mp. The conventional and digitized radiographs were observed by 4 experienced radiologists.Results: The mean of sensitivity in B.W. method is 97.5%, the mean of specificity is 91.25%, in detection by digital camera with resolution 6Mp the mean of sensitivity is 98.125%, the mean of specificity is 88.75%, with resolution9Mp the mean of sensitivity and specificity are 95.75%, 91.25% respectively; with resolution 12Mp, the mean of sensitivity and specificity are 98.75%, 92.5%. No significant differences were showed between them.Conclusion: This study showed, digital camera can be used for digitizing conventional radiographs, saving in computer, observing when ever and sending to a far place.